Groups, Teams, and Conflict Essay

Procedures There are different procedures accessible to help in compelling group building. One stage is building up an enlisting methodology that bolsters the organization’s decent variety objectives. Chipping so as to associations that serve the requirements of underrepresented fragments of the populace is another approach to upgrade your company’s notoriety as a business that qualities decent variety. Another progression that can be utilized is by enrolling the association with neighborhood work offices, for example, the nearby Workforce Center. The association can likewise contact colleges, exchange schools and other scholarly foundations with data about the organization and keep them educated regarding employment opportunities they can post for graduating understudies. Associations can likewise make associations with national and nearby associations to advance the company’s picture. It can likewise assist with taking an interest in industry occasions, and remember representatives for the company’s current workforce who speak to different types of decent variety. The association ought not confine its meaning of assorted variety to race, shading, sex, national source or religion yet ought to grow its idea of decent variety to incorporate multi-generational decent variety just as assorted variety in work styles and societies. One of the most significant procedures is to build work groups in light of assorted variety. At whatever point conceivable, the association ought to allocate representatives to take a shot at groups together who in any case would not have the chance to cooperate. They ought to collect gatherings of individuals who speak to changed work styles, ages, aptitudes and culture and energize joint effort and cooperative energy among representatives through grasping contrasts (Huebsch, 2013). Difficulties Probably the greatest test with decent variety is misinterpretation. The vast majority partner the word decent variety with multicultural issues, yet it likewise coversâ the contrasts in age, sex, sexual direction, religion, foundation, and even situation of intensity. Neglecting to perceive this can bring about unintentional victimization certain gatherings. A few kinds of working environment decent variety challenges exist. These issues can reinforce an organization or ruin one. Correspondence is fundamental to assorted variety in the work environment. Each individual and social gathering conveys in an unexpected way, which can be the greatest test of an expanded group. In some cases workers confuse tone, messages, and non-verbal communication, and neglect to react properly. Workers that oppose change can be a huge assorted variety obstruction. On the off chance that somebody has been raised a specific way, it very well may be hard to adjust for the time being. Having one safe representative can lose the organization’s balance. An association benefits more when its director is ready for significant choices for most extreme outcomes. Assorted variety won't work without a strong administrator (Holt, 2013). End The most ideal route for an association to figure out which technique works best for, is by taking a gander at the achievement of the group and at last how the association profits by the groups work. As we as a whole know, there will be difficulties with any group/bunch since you have various individuals from various foundations, various characters, and various points of view. In any case, if the association can get every part to perceive that their prosperity at last relies upon the accomplishment of the organization, I accept that the assorted variety of the gathering will never again be an essential issue. Rather each colleague will start to give more consideration to the work and less about the distinctions of each colleague with respect to themselves. When the association starts to profit by the team’s achievement, it will be clear that the technique picked is a triumph. References Holt, M. (2013). Working environment Diversity Challenges. Recovered from http://smallbusiness.chron.com/make differing work environment 10154.html Huebsch, R. (2013). Work environment Diversity Strategy. Recovered from http://smallbusiness.chron.com/working environment assorted variety procedure 4925.html

Market Failure: Food Adulteration in Bangladesh

Market Failure * Adulteration in Food Industry Submitted to: Mr. Sheik Morshed Jahan Associate Professor Course Instructor †Bangladesh Studies Submitted by: Samia Khan (RQ 16) Adel Mostaque Ahmed (ZR 22) Ahnaf Zabee (ZR 35) Rituraj Baidya (ZR 56) Institute of Business Administration University of Dhaka April 9, 2012 Table of Contents Market failure3 Food contaminated in Bangladesh3 Mouthwatering looks:4 Endurance:4 Examples of food adulteration5 The consequences:6 The mindfulness issue:6 Penalties7 The Solution8 Conclusion8 Market failureMarket disappointment is an idea inside financial hypothesis depicting when the designation of merchandise and enterprises by a free market isn't proficient. That is, there exists another possible result where a market member might be improved off without exacerbating another person off. Market disappointments can be seen as situations where people's quest for unadulterated personal responsibility prompts results that are not productive †th at can be enhanced from the cultural perspective. Food defilement in Bangladesh Food corruption is the way toward including concoction substances with nourishments, which ought not be contained inside food and beverages.Chemical substances or basically adulterants might be added to substances to decrease fabricating costs, or for some beguiling or vindictive reason. At the point when benefit in business is a higher priority than profound quality, at that point it is conceivable to add the harming substance to the nourishments and refreshments. A set number of individuals may pass on without nourishments yet a huge populace has been experiencing entangled ailments identified with food defilement, which might be even lead to death in future. Contaminated food expending is the hanging tight for death, which is a more regrettable discipline than death.Food debasement has become a significant issue in Bangladesh. Vegetables, fish, milk, natural product, and sweetmeats nothing is protecte d, and is being sold in the market abundantly. In any case, the defilement that influences the buyers straightforwardly originates from eateries. The cafés are utilizing harmful synthetic substances like formalin and material color stuffs in safeguarding nourishments, which play ruin in wellbeing framework. A large portion of the country’s populace, particularly ladies and kids would be the most exceedingly awful casualty if the specialists neglect to stop food adulteration.The number of individuals burdened by malignant growth and other interminable maladies because of taking of contaminated nourishments has generally gone up to such a disturbing level, that a few people have even quit purchasing numerous basic nutritious nourishments and vegetables other than some essential food grains, for minor endurance, that they accept that are not corrupted. Delicious looks: There is a unique interest for new gorgeous nourishments among clients and they are happy to pay extra only fo r the look. In any case, we should be mindful in light of the fact that, Consumer Association of Bangladesh (CAB) affirmed that wholesalers utilize a few instruments to make nourishments attractive.In their investigation, it came out that by and large the flavors are blended in with block dust, cumin is blended in with sawdust, and sugar syrup is added with nectar to upgrade the pleasantness. Deceptive brokers utilize a large group of fixings, for example, creature fat, palm oil, potato crush and vegetable oil to deliver counterfeit margarine oil. In another investigation, the Food and Nutrition Institution, University of Dhaka6 have discovered disturbing degree of dangerous microscopic organisms like E-coli, Salmonella and Shigella microorganisms in the greater part of the café food and road food in the city. Numerous road food sellers and cafés reuse consumed preparing oil for singing food items.Once the oil is utilized for cooking, it gets oxidized and its further use creates p eroxide, which is hurtful for the human body. Continuance: It is a test to keep new creates, meats and fish for a more drawn out time in Bangladesh. The greater part of the merchants don't have freezing vans or atmosphere control storeroom to guarantee the nature of the food. In any case, numerous merchants concocted abnormal plans to keep their items unblemished for longer time that represent a drawn out wellbeing danger to the shoppers. Eatery proprietors utilize this strategy to decrease their crude material buying cost.Often formaldehyde is showered to products of the soil to keep them new for longer length. Some different instances of food defilement Views about the extent of debased food things available shift somewhere in the range of 70 and 90 percent. In excess of 76 percent food things available were discovered contaminated in an arbitrary study by Public Health Laboratory of Dhaka City Corporation in 2004. There are roughly 150 food things in the nation, said SK Roy, a se nior researcher at the International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR, B).Roy said that block dust is applied in stew powder; urea is utilized to brighten rice and puffed rice; sawdust in free tea; cleanser in Ghee; and fake sugar, coal tar, and material colors in sweetmeats. Formalin applied on fish, natural product, meat, and milk causes throat malignant growth, blood malignancy, youth asthma, and skin infections, he said. Noxious shading operators like emanation mine, rhodomine B, malachite green, yellow G, allura red, and Sudan red applied on food things for shading, splendor, and newness †harm liver and kidney, and cause stomach malignant growth, asthma, and bladder disease, said Roy.Coloring specialists chrome, tartzine, and erythrosine are utilized in flavors, sauces, juices, lentils, and oils †causing disease, hypersensitivity, and respiratory issue. Calcium carbide may prompt malignant growth in kidney, liver, skin, prostate, and lungs. Rye flour utilized in grain, bread, and wheat flour add to seizure and premature delivery. Hormone utilized in cauliflower causes barrenness of ladies. Agino moto or monosodium glutamate utilized in Chinese eatery food things cause sensory system issue and melancholy. Urea put in puffed rice and rice causes sensory system harm and respiratory problem.Sulphuric corrosive utilized in milk for buildup makes harm the cardiovascular framework. Use of unreasonable and unapproved pesticides likewise cause defilement of food, he said including that added substances utilized for making food things appealing can be deadly if those are harmful. Notwithstanding, some allowed additives, thickening specialists, gelling operators, cell reinforcements, and stabilizers could be innocuous whenever applied in proper amount, said Roy. Food grains, vegetables, and fish likewise are tainted by modern contamination of the dirt, air, and water, he said.Burnt motor oil is utilized to broil Jilapi, while counte rfeit aroma is applied on flours, said Khalil Ahmed, official officer of Dhaka City Corporation, who works a versatile court against corrupted nourishments in the capital. The results: The drawn out outcomes of devouring synthetic rewarded food things will be destroying. The kids would be the most noticeably terrible influenced bunch among all in the event that they eat concoction blended food things. Formaldehyde causes different gastro-intestinal clutters whenever expended for long.Most of the synthetic substances may bring about long haul skin illnesses, harm lungs and kidneys and some of them can create malignant growths. BSTI uncovered that around 1,000 drinking water manufacturing plants exist in the nation, just 400 of which have licenses from the BSTI. Bottlers of drinking water processing plants have mushroomed with little respect to consistence of standard or BSTI permit. Regardless of BSTI dropping the licenses of 139 packaging production lines over the most recent year a nd a half, there has been updates on setting up of new processing plants in new locations.The result: youngsters and matured individuals are confronting consistent danger of infections even with the filtered water created by these manufacturing plants. The mindfulness issue: The discouraging part is that the greater part of the dealers or makers utilizing synthetic concoctions in nourishments don't know about its drawn out effect on human body and general condition. The main driver, which persuades them, is the extra pay on deals. A considerable lot of them even don't have the foggiest idea about the name of the synthetic concoctions they are showering on the nourishments to accelerate the maturing procedure. They simply go to the drug store and they get the medication with no permit.Besides, debased food once expended doesn't result rapidly in human body. After some time, these synthetic concoctions gradually transform a human body into a perfect host for destructive maladies and n ow and then outcome in the improvement of malignancy and other deadly sicknesses. All things considered, the administration alongside media is attempting to improve the mindfulness condition with numerous exercises. The best activity to date was the counter defilement drive drove by a versatile court. This drive began in 2007 with a group that incorporated a judge, media accomplices and police.For two continuous years, the drive was a triumph and the justice Rokon-Ud-Dowla turned into a big name. During that time, the versatile court divulged a large portion of the contaminated instruments utilized by brokers and makers. Since the drive was not upheld by an exhaustive arrangement; later when politically tested; the viability weakened in the end. Punishments The Pure Food Act 1959 that prosecutes guilty parties of food defilement has an absurdly low punishment of Tk. 200. Despite the ostensible fine, the sum acknowledged from the versatile court drives has been colossal. In 2012, a c autiousness group of National Consumers Right Protection Directorate has acknowledged taka two lakh and 6,000 as fine from various inns, eateries and inexpensive food looks for selling corrupted and spoiled nourishments in the International Trade Fair at Sher-e-Bangla Nagar. * Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC) was sued in Dhaka because of its utilization of tainted vegetable oil to get ready significant expense food this year. Authority says KFC outlets of Dhaka and Chittagong have made no move to keep up standard of nourishments however a large number of those were fined for inadequate food sources and unhygienic state of their kitchens. On August 7, 2011, a versatile court for food in Chittagong discovered spoiled vegetables and tomatoes in their (KFC’s) cooler, and found that their serving of mixed greens parcels don't have data about the organizations and nourishment

Leadership and Management: a Comparative Essay Essay

Throughout the years there has been a great deal of discussion on the similitudes and contrasts among the executives and initiative. Weathersby (1999) contended that â€Å"management is the distribution of rare assets against an organization’s objective, the setting of needs, the structure of work and the accomplishment of results† while authority â€Å"focuses on the making of a typical vision†. Schruijer and Vansina (1999) recommended that administration is tied in with â€Å"doing things right† and initiative is â€Å"doing the privilege things†. The two investigations seem to see the administration work as an authoritative job while putting the initiative capacity as a visionary job. Locander, Luechauer, and Pope (2007) bolster this idea by contending that authority resembles theater and that the pioneer is the noticeable sign of an organization’s or project’s achievement or disappointment. Accordingly, the person in question must draw in the supporters to have faith in and accomplish an ideal result â€Å"By focusing on what individuals need and expect, and via scanning for answers for issues, the pioneer can act fittingly and satisfy the ideal role† (Locander, et. al, 2007). Lichtenstein, Bien, Marion, Seers, Orton, and Schreiber (2006) added a social measurement to their meaning of authority expressing that â€Å"leadership is a new occasion, a result of social collaborations among agents†¦leadership develops through powerful interactions†. Having experience with Communication Studies, I additionally take a gander at how connections influence the meaning of both initiative and the board. Viable initiative and the executives brings about the accomplishment of objectives; quality authority and the executives manufactures and continues working connections during the time spent accomplishing those objectives. Having this understanding, I characterize authority as making and keeping up connections so that it propels individuals to accomplish individual and shared objectives. The executives, thusly, supports those connections and extensions the vertical hole in hierarchical structure. â€Å"The basic asset of most organizations is not, at this point capital however the individuals an organization employs, rouses and develops† (Karp, 2006). Great pioneers ought to rouse individuals to need to better themselves first and afterward utilize that regard to better their outer condition (for example the association or the job that needs to be done). Chen (2006) states â€Å"Business is regularly a crazy ride of highs and lows. Along these lines it is not out of the ordinary that superior heads are increasingly talented at spurring themselves as well as other people in testing situations†. Here, Chen insinuates a key factor in great initiative and that is simply the leader’s regard. Malhotra, Majchrzak, and Rosen (2007) recommend that a pioneer is answerable for â€Å"articulating a dream for the group, discussing the vision with energy, setting an execution plan so the vision can be practiced, framing alliances of adherents, adjusting others behind the vision, and forming a group culture by articulating working values†. All together for a pioneer to do the above-referenced things, the person must have hig h good measures and a constructive mental self portrait to correct such obligations. The Bible attests that great initiative is established in high good guidelines. Dwindle 3:8-11 peruses â€Å"Finally, [be ye] every one of one psyche, having empathy one of another, adoration as brethren, [be] abandoned, [be] polite: Not rendering underhanded for malevolence, or railing for railing: however contrariwise favoring; realizing that ye are thereunto called, that ye ought to acquire a gift. For he that will adore life, and see great days, let him shun his tongue wickedness, and his lips that they talk no trickiness: Let him shun abhorrent, and do great; let him look for harmony, and result it†. REFERENCES Chen, J. (2006). Global Corporate Highfliers: What Makes Them Tick. English Journal of Administrative Management, 52, 26-27. Karp, T. (2006). Changing Organizations For Organic Growth: The DNA of Change Leadership. Diary of Change Management, 6, 3-20. Lichtenstein, B., Uhl-Bien, M., Marion, R., Seers, An., Orson, J., and Schreiber, C. (2006). Intricacy Leadership Theory: An Interactive Perspective On Leading In Complex Adaptive Systems. Rise: Complexity and Organization, 8, 2-12. Locander, W., Luechauer, D., and Pope, J. (2007). Initiative Is Like Theater. Advertising Management, 16, 45-47. Malhotra, A., Majchrzak, An., and Rosen, B. (2007). Driving Virtual Teams. Foundation of Management Perspectives, 21, 60-70. Schruijer, S. furthermore, Vansina, L. (1999). Authority and Organization Change: An Introduction. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 8, 1-8. Weathersby, G. (1999). Initiative versus The board. The executives Review, 88, 5.

The autobiography of Benjamin Franklin free essay sample

Benjamin Franklin Summary: The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin was composed by Benjamin Franklin from 1771 to 1 790; be that as it may, Franklin himself seems to have called the work his Memoirs. In spite of the fact that it had an unbearable production history after Franklins demise, this work has gotten one of the most popular and Influential instances of life account at any point composed. One of the most remarkable and questionable essayists of his time, his own words on his most noteworthy creation Description: This book Is Intended for Informational and authentic purposes. List of sources: Canada, Mark, Mr.. Ben]amen Franklin, 1706-1790. All American: Benjamin Franklin. N. P. , 26 Feb. . 2001. Web. 12 Mar. 2013 Joseph, George. Authentic Vignette: Benjamin Franklin on Accounting. Institute of Accounting Historians. Chronicled Vignette, 2005. Web. 12 Mar. 2013. Period 4 Title: The Declaration of Independence Author: Thomas Jefferson Summary: Drafted by Thomas Jefferson between June 11 and June 28, 1776, the Declaration of Independence sums up Americas establishing political philosophy.At once an appreciated image of freedom and a statement of Jefferson stupendous abilities as an essayist, the archive catches in remarkable expressions the goals of individual freedom that framed the foundation of Americans Revolutionary development. We will compose a custom exposition test on The life account of Benjamin Franklin or then again any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page In presenting these plainly obvious facts close by a rundown of complaints against King Georges Britain, the Declaration of Independence Justified the breaking of ties with Mother England and the arrangement of another nation. This blessing version, imprinted In charm hues on corrosive free paper, contains Illustrations and memoirs of the endorsers nearby the record itself.Description: Historical Bibliography: Declaration of Independence. Announcement of Independence. Sanctions of Freedom, n. D. Web. 12 Mar. 2013. Presentation of Independence. History. COM. TV stations, n. D. Web. 12 Mar. 2013. The life account of Benjamin Franklin By Summary: The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin was composed by Benjamin Franklin from 1771 to 1790; be that as it may, Franklin himself seems to have called the work his work has gotten one of the most celebrated and persuasive instances of personal history words on his most noteworthy creation Description: This book is planned for instructive and authentic purposes. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin free exposition test Franklin can be noninsured as the commonplace American whose ways of thinking, convictions, and standards are exemplified in ones perspectives towards life, riches, and bliss. The proof of all these and more can be perused in the Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin. What he calls as meandering aimlessly diversions, Franklin utilizes an extremely honest composing style, practically like a discussion, with accounts blended in the pages. America will always remember Benjamin Franklin since he had the option to achieve the two accomplishments that he referenced in this popular saying.He had the option to live the useful tidbits that he as multiplied by composing bunches of reasonable and usable things, and that's just the beginning. Everybody in this nation knows Benjamin Franklin as a researcher (anticipating climate conditions and contemplated the utilization of sight-seeing balloons, an Inventor (bifocals, adaptable urinary catheter, watertight compartments In ships, lightning poles, Iron heater oven, odometer, and some more), legislator (the main individual who marked each of the four archives that turned into the reason for the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution, he set up the Postal framework and the principal fire protection framework in America. We will compose a custom paper test on The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin or on the other hand any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Loped make a state army in Philadelphia to secure its inhabitants, and proposed the Daylight Saving Time). He was additionally printer (he was a student in his siblings printing shop at 12, at 17 he was a completely gifted printer, at 22 he opened his own printing shop, and printed the famous paper the Philadelphia Gazette too his 3 yearly Poor Richards Almanac). Among his fills in as a printer included creation kid's shows, Illustrated reports, and letters to the editor.For those books to peruse despite the fact that they probably won't have had the option to bear to purchase books to peruse. Once more, Ben bet to utilize his print machine to assist individuals with understanding their general surroundings. As a scholar, Benjamin Franklin never burned through his time, so without a doubt he more likely than not cherished life. He is recognized as one of Americas incredible masterminds. His thoughts and dreams had an away from of the manner in which America ought to be and he invested his energy assisting with ensuring that it would be. Less individuals knew about Benjamin Franklin as an artist. Ben Franklin discovered basic magnificence in straightforward tunes.He played a few instruments, including the violin, harp, and guitar. His incredible enthusiasm for music drives IM to construct his own glass harmonica. This straightforward instrument was played by contacting the edge of the turning glass with hosed fingers. The harmonicas wonderful tones spoke to numerous arrangers, including Mozart and Beethoven. As a financial analyst, his own thoughts regarding economy assisted with forming our countrys economy. We are fortunate that they did in light of the fact that Franklin accepted that the main genuine approach to riches was through hard work.This honorable thought turned into the spirit of the American Dream, the possibility that all individuals are made equivalent and every individual has a similar chance to make progress. Ben utilized his printing aptitudes to print paper cash, assisting with setting up the paper money framework in America. Today, we respect Bens commitment to the economy each time we utilize a hundred dollar greenback. Bens face shows up on it (Morgan, 2002). Benjamin Franklin Benjamin Franklin was conceived on January 17, 1706 in Massachusetts. At the point when he was 12 years of age he became understudy in his sibling James printing shop in Boston.He was 17 years of age when he left his family for some close to home reasons, and fled to Philadelphia, 4 Pennsylvania. He got a chance to go to London where he prepared as a printer. After three years, in 1726, he returned to Philadelphia and opened his own printing shop two years after. The Pennsylvania Gazette turned into a speedy enjoyment of perusers as Franklin turned into its sole proprietor and distributed in 1729. A year after, he wedded Deborah Read Rogers and his child William was brought into the world the next year. It was in 1931 that he established the principal Circulating Library.The one year from now, his second child Francis was conceived and this year denoted the beginning of his production of the yearly Poor Richards Almanac which ran for a long time, up to 1758. A fiasco happened to his family in 1736 when his young child Francis kicked the bucket. It was for the current year the he established the Union Fire Company in Philadelphia. The next year, Franklin was delegated Postmaster of Philadelphia. Being an informed and scholarly individual, he proposed the thought for the University of Pennsylvania in 1942. Sarah Sally Franklin was brought into the world the year after and after two years, Benjamin father, Josiah kicked the bucket. It was in 1747 that Franklin originally expounded on electrical experimentation and sorted out the primary civilian army in Philadelphia, targeting securing its occupants. He concluded that he had enough of the printing industry, so in 1748 he sold his printing transport and resigned. This flagged his investing full energy in different jobs that he got well known for. His book Experiments and Observations on Electricity was distributed in London in 1751. The next year, he did his acclaimed kite try and furthermore established the primary American fire protection company.Then his spell being a legislator begun to frame. He went to London commonly from 1757 to 1962 as a delegate of the Pennsylvania Assembly. He was chosen as leader of the American Philosophical Society in 1769. It was in 1774 that Benjamin Franklins notoriety got harmed with Hutchinson Letters Affairs (Clark, 1983). The Hutchinson Letters Affair started in kept in touch with the British government by Thomas 5 Hutchinson, the regal Governor of Massachusetts. In the letters, Hutchinson encouraged his bosses to send more soldiers to Boston to battle the American rebels.Ben felt that his companions in Boston should recognize what Hutchinson was arranging. He permitted his American companions and partners to peruse the letters depending on the prerequisite that they not be coursed or distributed. Be that as it may, the substance of the letters got distributed in the Boston Gazette in June of 1773. The residents of Boston were incensed and constrained Hutchinson to escape to England. The British government requested to realize who released the letters. In December of 1773, three guiltless men were charged. So as to ensure them, Ben conceded his guilt.As an outcome, Bens notoriety in England endured. In January of 1774, Ben was freely denounced. Soon thereafter, Ben left England and came back to America to help compose the Declaration of Independence (Clark, 1973). That equivalent year (1774), Franklins spouse passed on. He continued carrying on with his typical life as a legislator as he came back to Philadelphia in 1775 and was chosen for Continental Congress and submitted articles of Confederation of United Colonies. The next year, he marked the Declaration of Independence and managed the Pennsylvania Constitutional Convention.That same year, he went to France as American Commissioner where he was one of the dependable people who arranged and marked the Treaty of Alliance with France two years after. He was then delegated Minister to France in 1779. He was additionally one of the individuals who arranged the Treaty of Peace with the United Kingdom in 1982. After two years, he additionally was a piece of the arrangement for the marking of settlements with Prussia and different nations in Europe. He as chosen leader of the Pennsylvania Society for

Hope for the Axolotl On the Amphibian Extinction Crisis

Hope for the Axolotl On the Amphibian Extinction Crisis Today is the fifth annual Save The Frogs Day, a day to spread awareness about the amphibian extinction crisis. When I was in high school I used to spend this day at my little brothers elementary school with my pet frogs and a powerpoint presentation. This year Im sharing with you an essay I wrote two years ago. Some research has happened since then, and I encourage you to Google and PubMed for updates (and please post what you found in the comments for the rest of us to see). I hope you enjoy and I hope you learn something new. One of the strangest, most opportune gifts Ive gotten was a small plastic aquarium, from one of my best friends, on my sixth birthday. Misha had scrawled his name on the card, but you could tell it was one of those disappointing educational gifts that was actually picked out by the parents. I found it almost a year later in my closet, full of beads and wrapped in a pink feather boa. In a bout of the haphazard enthusiasm characteristic of that age, I dumped the beads on the floor and filled the aquarium with tap water and a bag of bright blue aquarium sand I found under the sink. That evening my parents bought me two aquatic frogs (both male). The bulk of my childhood was defined by those frogs. I spent hours every week watching them eat and swim in the mornings before my parents woke up. After my little brother was born we curled up next to their aquarium and watched them together, and when they died seven years later I had trouble falling asleep without their singing. The Axolotl Since then Ive branched out, extending my love for frogs to amphibians in general. My favorite amphibian today is the axolotl, because it eschews the very first characteristic were taught to associate with the class. Most amphibians are born in the water, metamorphose into their adult forms, and crawl out onto the land, not to return to their home ponds, streams, or lakes until theyre ready to lay their own eggs. The axolotl, on the other hand, never leaves its aquatic birthplace. In fact, it forgoes metamorphosis altogether, retaining its larval characteristics even as it reaches sexual maturity. Consequently the axolotl possesses for life not only its characteristic feathery external gills, but also unique regenerative powers. In humans and most other species, cells are trapped in their final forms after they differentiate. But because the axolotl does not metamorphose, its cells are capable of reverting to a state similar to stem cells, prefatory cells that can develop into anything. Rather than plaster wounds with scar tissue like we do, the axolotl rebuilds injured tissue. The result is like new. Amazingly, these abilities extend well beyond the level of tissues: the axolotl is capable of regenerating entire limbs, even when they include parts of the spinal cord and the neurons inside it, and even parts of the brain. Since the 1960s, the axolotl has been studied in hopes of understanding its regenerative powers and applying them to other organismsâ€"perhaps even humans. The axolotl is, in essence, the closest thing in nature to a fountain of youth. Unfortunately, the days of the axolotl and any secrets it hides are numbered. Of the two Mexico City lakes the wild axolotl once persisted in, one, Lake Chalco, has been drained to subdue flooding, destroying the axolotls and other animals within it. The other, Lake Xochimilco, has been reduced to a heavily polluted system of canals and small lakes fed by water treatment plants. Axolotls exist in six isolated areas of the former Lake Xochimilco, mostly clumped around the few remaining natural springs. When the Aztecs began building Mexico City, Lakes Chalco and Xochimilco were a system of five large groundwater-fed lakes. The axolotl was prevalent in Aztec culture, ubiquitous in food, in cultural ceremonies, and in medicine. Today, Mexico is home to 375 identified amphibian species, making it the country with the fifth greatest amphibian diversity. At the same time, Mexico City is home to 18 million people, making it the third largest metropolitan area in the world. In the past two decades, the wild population of the axolotl has fallen sixtyfold. Today there are estimated to be between 700 and 1,200 axolotls in the wild. The primary threat to axolotls is habitat loss and the degradation of what little habitat remains. Pollution from Mexico City corrupts water quality, and UV-B radiation, caused by the degradation of the ozone layer, weakens young axolotls, making them more susceptible to predators and to disease. In addition, at least ten species of nonnative fish have been introduced into Lake Xochimilco. These invasive species have substantial niche overlap with the axolotls to compete with them for food and to eat their eggs and young. Human exploitation for food and medicine, meanwhile, is no longer a concern, as axolotls are scarce enough to be a rare catch for fishermen. The Amphibian The threat of imminent extinction looms over other amphibian species as well. Three summers ago, biologists from the University of the Andes in Colombia used a combination of genetics and almost a decade of field work to discover 11 new amphibian species in Panama, only to find that five were extinct by the time they were identified. In the past decade, 40% of amphibian species at the El Cope national park in Panama have disappeared. At 300 million years old, amphibians are the oldest four-legged vertebrates on Earth. Since the 1970s, however, they have been in decline. Today, according to the International Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List, an inventory of all known species conservation statuses, 2.1% of known amphibian species are extinct, 32.5% are threatened with extinction, and 43% are declining. Threats to amphibians mirror those to the axolotl. Like the axolotl, other amphibians also suffer from habitat loss, pollution, exploitation by humans, and competition from invasive species. In addition, over 2800 amphibian species are threatened by the chytrid fungus, a deadly pathogen that kills up to 80% of amphibians within a year of being introduced and is spreading at a rate of 28 to 100 kilometers a year. Even the fungus can be traced to human influence. Many researchers believe that a warmer climate favors the propagation of chytrid, and that the current outbreaks are due to warmer temperatures, though this is controversial. Less debated is that recent changes in amphibian habitat, from climate change to urbanization, cause enough stress to compromise the amphibian immune system, making it more vulnerable to chytrid. Worse, disease transmission increases with diversity loss. As amphibian diversity vanishes, susceptibility to chytrid will only increase. One trait that makes amphibians particularly valuable to us is their skin. Amphibians depend on their skin for everything from breathing to hydration to self-defense. Their thin, permeable skin gives them an especially intimate connection with the world around them, which includes the water they are born in, the land they live on, and the air they breathe. Because amphibians are especially sensitive to toxins and other harmful changes in the environment, they are often considered indicators of their habitats health. When trouble strikes, amphibians are often the first to go. And, indeed, trouble has struck. According to the IUCN Red List, almost 20% of vertebrate species are currently classified as threatened by extinction. Some, including nature writer David Quammen, worry that if present trends continue, the Earth will fall into a mass extinction comparable to those in Ordovician, Devonian, Permian, Triassic, and Cretaceous periods, characterized by a loss of over 75% of species. This was confirmed by a study published in Nature in 2011. Recent patternsâ€"multiple, atypical high-intensity ecological stressors, including rapid, unusual climate change and highly elevated atmospheric CO2â€"mirror those of past mass extinctions, say the authors of the study. Certain Doom? When I was in middle and high school, my parents and I used to canoe to the most sordid section of the muddiest marsh we could find. We put the stickiest seaweed in a Tupperware container where it lived, undisturbed, on my bedside table. Slowly, critters hatched out from the murk. All variety of creatures crawled out of the stagnant mess to explore. Usually the mosquitoes dominated the ecosystem. Tiny dots darted through the leaves and each other, growing into frenzied black clouds until finally the Tupperware was a thick fog of mosquito. Suddenly, after weeks, it stopped. The water dirtied and all lifeâ€"the jumpers and the swimmers and the crawlers and, finally, the champion mosquitoesâ€"vanished. Luckily for the axolotl, the probability of its extinction in present circumstances is low. A 2007 study by the National Autonomous University of Mexico determined that the population, while small, is stable. Furthermore, the 2011 Nature study warning of a sixth mass extinction concluded that the current loss of world biodiversity does not yet amount to one. However, the same study that concluded that axolotls are safe also noted that their population consists primarily of one-year-oldsâ€"though axolotls can live up to 17 years in captivityâ€"because pressure from predators and insufficient habitat kill most axolotls at a young age. The study concludes that a small reduction in egg and larvae survival rate increases the calculated probability of extinction within the next 20 to 50 years to 100%. The same goes for the rest of the world. According to the 2011 Nature study, the extinction of those species currently marked as critically endangered would be enough to pull us irretrievably into a sixth mass extinction. After the species currently marked as endangered and vulnerable go extinct, the loss of biodiversity corresponding to a mass extinction will take only several centuries, orders of magnitude faster than the typical two million years. Our world would soon be unrecognizable. Possible Solutions According to the 2007 study by the National Autonomous University of Mexico, the best options for saving the axolotl are to restore their habitat to a state more conducive to the survival of eggs and young. This includes improving the quality of water, extricating foreign fish, and re-establishing Lake Xochimilco as more than a series of canals. Current efforts revolve around building axolotl sanctuaries in Lake Xochimilco, in which the axolotl are separated from the invasive fish by wooden gates. Another option, reintroduction (freeing lab-raised axolotl populations into the wild), has been considered but rejected, for fear of spreading chytrid fungus to and reducing the genetic diversity of the wild population. The possibility of introducing healthy captive populations into the wild has similarly been considered for saving other amphibian populations, but cautiously. In one case, the reintroduction of the Majorcan midwife toad introduced chytrid to the island of Majorca, infecting the reintroduced toads as well as other amphibians on the island. Another option is to fight fungus with bacteria. Some amphibians naturally have symbiotic bacteria on their skin that produces antifungal agent, protecting them from chytrid. Culturing bacteria from healthy wild populations in the lab and then inoculating as yet untouched populations can boost their immunity. This was attempted in 2008, when scientists captured all the tadpoles from a pond in Majorca, treated them with medication for chytrid, and, after draining the pond with a bucket and leaving the basin to dry in hopes of eradicating the fungus, reintroduced the tadpoles in hopes that they would survive to repopulate the region. This method lowered the level of infection, but it did not eradicate the fungus. Lowering the level of infection may, however, be enough. A 2010 collaboration between the Oregon State University and the University of Colorado-Boulder concluded that the chytrid fungus requires a threshold of 10,000 zoospores per frog to initiate the collapse of an entire population. Since eliminating chytrid altogether does not seem realistic, reducing the amount of chytrid, perhaps by capturing frogs before the infection hits and treating them with antifungal agent, may be the best option. One method of achieving the effect on a larger scale, proposed in a 2011 study published in Nature, is to introduce these bacteria to soil in amphibian habitats. Another option, proposed by a 2011 study published in Science, focuses on keeping species alive in captivity in zoos and aquariums around the world. Though the axolotl is threatened with extinction in the wild, for example, there are currently over 1000 axolotls in captivity at the University of Kentuckys Ambystoma Genetic Stock Center, which sends 15-20,000 axolotl embryos per year to labs worldwide. Captive populations could allow us to treat current problems before they lead to extinction, or to maintain the option of reintroducing the animals if their native habitat is restored. Unfortunately, note the authors of the 2011 Science paper, only 3% of threatened amphibian species are represented in zoos. Overall, only 37% of threatened species and 18% of near-threatened species are represented in zoos. This is commendable, but not enough. Biodiversity in Policy The above solutions are regional and short-term. Solutions to the greater, directly human-caused problems of habitat destruction and global climate change must happen on a much broader scale. Cutting down our contributions to habitat destruction and climate change is the most difficult and most important thing we can do to preserve the world as we know it. In 2002, at the first meeting of the Convention on Biological Diversity, world leaders committed to significantly cut down extinction by 2010. 2010, in a similar manner, was declared the International Year of Biodiversity. A 2010 analysis of data in the IUCN Red List and recent progress in conservation, published in Science, estimates that without our efforts to mitigate our effects on the environment, twice as many species would now be threatened with extinction. But this is not enough. We fell radically short of our goal of reducing extinction rates by 2010: the rate of biodiversity loss has not slowed, according to a 2010 report on progress toward the Conventions goals, also published in Science. The 2010 analysis of the IUCN Red List insists that the only way to cut down biodiversity loss is to completely turn our act around: hope lies in reversing detrimental policies, fully integrating biodiversity into broad-scale land-use planning, incorporating its economic value adequately into decision making, and sufficiently targeting, funding and implementing policies that tackle biodiversity loss, among other measures. The Convention on Biological Diversity met again in 2010. The measures taken were not nearly as drastic as science has deemed necessary. Every year, according to the first 2010 analysis, an average of 52 vertebrate species move one Red List category closer to extinctionâ€"from vulnerable to endangered, from endangered to critically endangered, and, finally, from critically endangered to extinct. If we are to have any hope of preserving the world as we know it, we cannot afford another decade of falling short.

How to Distinguish a Strong Argument from Weak

How to Distinguish a Strong Argument from Weak How to differentiate a strong argument from weak argument can be confusing if you do not know the criteria that is used for it. The differentiation is very similar to what is obtainable in the soundness for a deductive argument. A strong argument that has true proof or premises is considered cogent. When an essay writing is said to be cogent, it means that the argument is very good and believable with strong evidence to back up the conclusion. A weak argument is not cogent because is not true and has premises that is false. Inductive vs Deductive When it comes to deductive reasoning, the essay writer may want to give information or premises that will be able to proven in conclusion. However, inductive reasoning or logic is totally based on conclusion that is taken generally from behavior in some cases. Deductive reasoning can be invalid or valid. For those who are making use of inductive reasoning, it can be wrong even if the premises that was used is correct. Arguments If you are taking arguments based on deductive logic and reasoning, they can either be invalid or valid. When it comes to invalid arguments, you should know that they are unsound or weak. Valid arguments are known to be very sound when the premises is true. Arguments based on inductive reasoning can either be weak or strong. The weak argument is not convent but strong arguments are strong if only the premises is true. Essay hacks will help you understand what a strong argument is and what you need to make a weak argument strong. An argument can be defined as a type of communication that is able or tries to convince or persuade a person or an audience to accept a topic. Argument have three parts; Claim- this talks about the position that has to be argued. Reason- this explains logically why the claim should be valid. Evidence- the evidence comes with expert testimony, statistics, examples and lots more. Strong argument A strong argument is solely based upon reasons, facts and figures that can be proven without reasonable doubts. Weak argument A series of facts that are based on personal beliefs that may not true if investigated deeply.

Themes, Motifs Symbols in Romeo and Juliet - 2510 Words

Themes Themes are the fundamental and often universal ideas explored in a literary work. The Forcefulness of Love Romeo and Juliet is the most famous love story in the English literary tradition. Love is naturally the plays dominant and most important theme. The play focuses on romantic love, specifically the intense passion that springs up at first sight between Romeo and Juliet. In Romeo and Juliet, love is a violent, ecstatic, overpowering force that supersedes all other values, loyalties, and emotions. In the course of the play, the young lovers are driven to defy their entire social world: families (Deny thy father and refuse thy name, Juliet asks, Or if thou wilt not, be but sworn my love, / And Ill no longer be a Capulet);†¦show more content†¦In the play, love emerges as an amoral thing, leading as much to destruction as to happiness. But in its extreme passion, the love that Romeo and Juliet experience also appears so exquisitely beautiful that few would want, or be able, to resist its power. The Individual Versus Society Much of Romeo and Juliet involves the lovers struggles against public and social institutions that either explicitly or implicitly oppose the existence of their love. Such structures range from the concrete to the abstract: families and the placement of familial power in the father; law and the desire for public order; religion; and the social importance placed on masculine honor. These institutions often come into conflict with each other. The importance of honor, for example, time and again results in brawls that disturb the public peace. Though they do not always work in concert, each of these societal institutions in some way present obstacles for Romeo and Juliet. The enmity between their families, coupled with the emphasis placed on loyalty and honor to kin, combine to create a profound conflict for Romeo and Juliet, who must rebel against their heritages. Further, the patriarchal power structure inherent in Renaissance families, wherein the father controls the action of all other family members, particularly women, places Juliet in an extremely vulnerable position. HerShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet791 Words   |  4 Pages1. Romeo and Juliet – William Shakespeare a. Plot: Starting in the city streets of Verona, two servants of the opposing houses fight. Though Benvolio (a Montague) tries to stop this, Tybalt (a Capulet) arrives and violence ensues. The Prince sees this and calls, â€Å"Hey, do this again and capital punishment will be involved.† Romeo, the emo son, of Lord Montague whines extraordinarily about his â€Å"love† (lust) for Rosaline. She is chaste and he wants her. 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